Pune is a city located in the state of Maharashtra in India. It is the second largest city in the state and is also the ninth most populous city in the country. The city is situated on the right bank of the Mutha River. Pune is also known as the "Oxford of the East" due to the large number of educational institutions in the city. The city is also home to many software and manufacturing companies. Pune has a long history, dating back to the 16th century when it was founded by Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire. Shivaji built his capital at Raigad, which is located near Pune. The city served as the capital of the Maratha Empire for a short time before the capital was moved to Satara. Pune was captured by the Mughals in 1660 but was soon recaptured by the Marathas. The city was annexed by the British in 1817 after the Third Anglo-Maratha War. The British rule was marked by social reforms and the construction of many educational institutions. Pune was also the site of the first Indian National Congress in 1885. After India's independence, Pune became aPune, formerly called Poona, is a city in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the second largest city in the state after Mumbai and the ninth most populous city in the country with an estimated population of 7.4 million (2011). The city is situated on the right bank of the Mutha River, about 160 kilometers (100 miles) southeast of Mumbai. It is the administrative headquarters of Pune district and was once the center of power of the Maratha Empire. It was also the capital of the eponymous princely state of Pune before its annexation by the Indian Union in 1949.

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